National policies on physical activity from 64 countries with different economies: a scoping review with thematic analysis.

In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a Global Action Plan on Physical Activity (PA), which included 20 policy actions for creating active societies, environments, people and systems. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the themes/contents of national PA policies/plans conforming to the WHO's proposals and the country's economy. This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews. A systematic search of electronic databases (Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, LILACS, PsycINFO, Scopus and SPORTDiscus) and 441 government documents/websites from 215 countries/territories was conducted (February 2021). Documents on national-level policies, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese since 2000, were eligible. The information on content and structure was systematically extracted and summarized into dimensions proposed by the WHO: active societies, environments, people and systems. The search identified 888 article references and 586 potentially relevant documents. After the screening, 84 policy documents from 64 countries were eligible. Most documents (n = 46) provided detailed PA policies/plans amid other health topics (e.g. non-communicable diseases, named 'general documents'), and 38 were PA-specific. The content analysis merged 54 visions, 65 missions, 108 principles, 119 objectives, 53 priorities, 105 targets, 126 indicators and 1780 actions/strategies from 38 PA-specific and 46 general documents. Among the PA-specific documents, the active system's dimension was the most contemplated in the principles (n = 43), priorities (n = 51) and action/strategies (n = 530) elements. At the same time, the objectives (n = 39), targets (n = 52) and indicators (n = 58) presented contents more frequently related to the active people dimension. For the general documents, all principles (n = 4), objectives (n = 14) and priorities (n = 7) were related to the dimension of active people, while target (n = 51), indicator (n = 53) and actions/strategies (n = 292) elements presented content related to all dimensions. The increase in countries with national PA policies/plans should be followed by improving the current ones because important dimensions seem to be not considered in these documents. This will facilitate a global PA agenda that considers the complexity and multidimensionality of PA promotion.

Correlatos de atividade física e comportamento sedentário em crianças pré-escolares sul-americanas: revisão de escopo

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Sintetizar os achados sobre correlatos da atividade física (AF) e do comportamento sedentário (CS) em crianças sul-americanas. Método. Realizou-se uma busca dos artigos no período de 24 de junho até 27 de outubro de 2020, nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science. Para ampliar a busca, foram examinadas as referências dos artigos de revisão identificados e realizada uma consulta a um painel de especialistas. Foram incluídos estudos com delineamentos observacional e de intervenção com foco em crianças sul-americanas de zero a 5 anos de idade. Resultados. Dos 3 111 artigos inicialmente identificados, 18 foram elegíveis: 14 com delineamento observacional, 12 realizados no Brasil e 17 conduzidos com pré-escolares (3 a 5 anos de idade). Além do Brasil, os únicos países representados foram o Chile e o Equador. A AF e o CS foram medidos por acelerômetros em sete estudos, porém houve alta variabilidade nos instrumentos e pontos de corte usados. Embora as crianças tenham sido consideradas fisicamente ativas em 12 estudos, seis estudos mostraram que elas despendiam muito tempo em CS. Os domínios de influência mais avaliados foram o individual (14 estudos) e o interpessoal (11 estudos), seguidos pelo ambiental (oito estudos) e o político (um estudo). As intervenções no contexto escolar (quatro estudos) aumentaram os níveis de AF e diminuíram o tempo em CS. Entretanto, as evidências dos estudos transversais e de intervenção apresentaram alto risco de viés. Conclusão. Diante das lacunas identificadas, recomendam-se estudos com delineamentos robustos que incluam mais países sul-americanos, com foco em bebês e crianças com menos de 3 anos de idade e que investiguem correlatos dos domínios ambiental e político.

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To synthesize the findings on correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in South American children. Method. A search was carried out from June 24 to October 27, 2020, in the LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. To broaden the search, the references of identified review articles were examined, and a panel of experts was surveyed. Observational and interventional studies conducted with South-American children from zero to 5 years of age were included. Results. Of 3 111 articles initially identified, 18 were eligible: 14 observational studies, 12 studies conducted in Brazil, and 17 studies investigating preschool children (3 to 5 years of age). In addition to Brazil, only Chile and Ecuador were represented. PA and SB were measured by accelerometers in seven studies; however, high variability was observed in the instruments and cut-off points used. Although children were classified as physically active in 12 studies, six studies showed that they spent considerable time in SB. Most studies assessed the individual (14 studies) and interpersonal (11 studies) domains, followed by the environmental (eight studies) and political (one study) domains. Interventions in the school context (four studies) increased PA levels and reduced the time spent in SB. However, the evidence from cross-sectional and interventional studies presented a high risk of bias. Conclusions. Given the knowledge gap identified in this review, studies with robust designs, covering additional South American countries are warranted, focusing on infants and children under 3 years of age and investigating correlates in the environmental and political domains.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Resumir los hallazgos sobre la correlación entre actividad física (AF) y comportamiento sedentario (CS) en la población infantil en América del Sur. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda de los artículos publicados entre el 24 de junio y el 27 de octubre del 2020 en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science. Para ampliar la búsqueda, se examinaron las referencias de los artículos de revisión encontrados y se consultó con un panel de expertos. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales y de intervención centrados en población infantil de 0 a 5 años de edad en América del Sur. Resultados. De los 3 111 artículos encontrados inicialmente, 18 cumplieron con los criterios establecidos: 14 tenían un diseño observacional, 12 se llevaron a cabo en Brasil y 17 se realizaron con niños y niñas en edad preescolar (de 3 a 5 años). Además de Brasil, los únicos países representados fueron Chile y Ecuador. La AF y el CS se midieron con acelerómetros en 7 estudios, pero se observó una alta variabilidad en los instrumentos y los puntos de corte utilizados. Aunque se consideró que niños y niñas eran físicamente activos en 12 estudios, 6 estudios revelaron que pasaban mucho tiempo en CS. Los ámbitos de influencia más evaluados fueron el individual (14 estudios) y el interpersonal (11 estudios), seguidos del ambiental (8 estudios) y el político (1 estudio). Las intervenciones en el contexto escolar (4 estudios) aumentaron los niveles de AF y disminuyeron el tiempo en CS. Sin embargo, la evidencia de los estudios transversales y de intervención presentó un alto riesgo de sesgo. Conclusiones. En vista de las lagunas detectadas, se recomienda que se realicen estudios con diseño robusto que incluyan más países sudamericanos, se centren en bebés y menores de 3 años e investiguen correlaciones en los ámbitos político y ambiental.

Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population: Recommendations Report.

BACKGROUND: This article presents the recommendations from the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. METHODS: A steering committee composed of a chair, 6 experts in physical activity, and representatives from the Ministry of Health/Brazil, Pan American Health Organization, Brazilian Society of Physical Activity and Health designed the guidelines, which was implemented by 8 working groups, as follows: (1) understanding physical activity, (2) children up to 5 years old, (3) children and youth from 6 to 17 years old, (4) adults, (5) older adults (60 years and above), (6) physical education at school, (7) pregnant and postpartum women, and (8) people with disabilities. The methodological steps included evidence syntheses, hearings with key stakeholders, and public consultation. RESULTS: Across 8 chapters, the guidelines provide definitions of physical activity and sedentary behavior, informing target groups on types of physical activity, dosage (frequency, intensity, and duration), benefits, and supporting network for physical activity adoption. The guidelines are openly available in Portuguese, Spanish, English, and Braille and in audio versions, with a supplementary guide for health professionals and decision makers, and a report about the preparation and references. CONCLUSIONS: The Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population provide evidence-based recommendations, being a public-directed resource to contribute to the physical activity promotion in Brazil.

Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population: Development and Methods.

BACKGROUND: This article describes the process and methods used in the development of the first ever Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. METHODS: The steering committee established 8 working groups based on other guidelines and the Brazilian agenda for public health and physical activity (PA) promotion: (1) understanding PA; (2) children up to 5 years; (3) children and youth (6-17 y); (4) adults; (5) older adults (60 years and above); (6) physical education at school; (7) pregnant and postpartum women; and (8) people with disabilities. Working groups were formed to (1) synthesize the literature on each topic; (2) conduct workshops with stakeholders, health professionals, researchers, and the public; and (3) prepare a draft chapter for open online consultation. RESULTS: The document provides guidance for the population on the benefits of being active and recommendations regarding the amount (frequency, intensity, and duration) of PA recommended across all chapters. It also includes information on supporting networks for PA. CONCLUSIONS: The PA guidelines are widely accessible in Portuguese, including versions in English, Spanish, audiobook, and Braille, and will assist policy makers and professionals from several sectors to promote PA. The ultimate goal is to increase population levels of PA in Brazil.

Mapping recommended strategies to promote active and healthy lifestyles through physical education classes: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Understanding which strategies have been recommended for the promotion of active and healthy lifestyles through physical education (PE) classes can guide PE policies and practice. Therefore, we summarized worldwide recommendations regarding strategies for PE classes that have aimed to promote active and healthy lifestyles among school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were utilized. A literature search was carried out in June 2020 in eight peer-reviewed literature databases, in addition to searches in institutional and personal libraries. The eligibility criteria included any online document that included recommendations targeting any dimension of PE classes (e.g., policy and environment, curriculum, appropriate instruction, student assessment, and strategies that interact with PE) published since 2000. RESULTS: In total, 2,408 potentially eligible documents were screened. Of these, 63 were included in the final analysis. The recommended strategies were as follows: six referred to policy and environment (valuing PE, higher frequency and duration of classes, inclusive PE classes, mandatory daily classes, evaluation of PE classes, and qualified teachers), five to curriculum (structure, type of content, cross-cutting themes, and components that improve PE classes), four to appropriate instruction (promotion of physical activities, inclusion of social issues, employment of the use of innovative technologies, and organization of the teaching-learning process), and three to student assessment (understanding human movement concepts, evaluation of contents, and assessment methods to develop an active and healthy lifestyle). CONCLUSION: Twenty-one strategies recommended for PE classes linked to five dimensions aimed at different target populations were identified. Over half were linked to the dimensions of policy and environment and appropriate instruction. PE is recommended to be mandatory and valued at all educational levels, with weekly frequency that contributes to an active and healthy lifestyle. This review shows that guaranteeing different experiences beyond sports, improving social inclusion, using innovative technologies, and providing adequate materials and spaces to be important challenges and ways to guide policies, programs, and new research in this field of knowledge. Open Science Framework Registration: https://osf.io/harwq/.

Correlatos de atividade física e comportamento sedentário em crianças pré-escolares sul-americanas: revisão de escopo / Correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in preschoolers from South America: scoping review / Correlación entre actividad física y comportamiento sedentario en la población preescolar en América del Sur: revisión exploratoria

RESUMO Objetivo. Sintetizar os achados sobre correlatos da atividade física (AF) e do comportamento sedentário (CS) em crianças sul-americanas. Método. Realizou-se uma busca dos artigos no período de 24 de junho até 27 de outubro de 2020, nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science. Para ampliar a busca, foram examinadas as referências dos artigos de revisão identificados e realizada uma consulta a um painel de especialistas. Foram incluídos estudos com delineamentos observacional e de intervenção com foco em crianças sul-americanas de zero a 5 anos de idade. Resultados. Dos 3 111 artigos inicialmente identificados, 18 foram elegíveis: 14 com delineamento observacional, 12 realizados no Brasil e 17 conduzidos com pré-escolares (3 a 5 anos de idade). Além do Brasil, os únicos países representados foram o Chile e o Equador. A AF e o CS foram medidos por acelerômetros em sete estudos, porém houve alta variabilidade nos instrumentos e pontos de corte usados. Embora as crianças tenham sido consideradas fisicamente ativas em 12 estudos, seis estudos mostraram que elas despendiam muito tempo em CS. Os domínios de influência mais avaliados foram o individual (14 estudos) e o interpessoal (11 estudos), seguidos pelo ambiental (oito estudos) e o político (um estudo). As intervenções no contexto escolar (quatro estudos) aumentaram os níveis de AF e diminuíram o tempo em CS. Entretanto, as evidências dos estudos transversais e de intervenção apresentaram alto risco de viés. Conclusão. Diante das lacunas identificadas, recomendam-se estudos com delineamentos robustos que incluam mais países sul-americanos, com foco em bebês e crianças com menos de 3 anos de idade e que investiguem correlatos dos domínios ambiental e político.

ABSTRACT Objective. To synthesize the findings on correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in South American children. Method. A search was carried out from June 24 to October 27, 2020, in the LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. To broaden the search, the references of identified review articles were examined, and a panel of experts was surveyed. Observational and interventional studies conducted with South-American children from zero to 5 years of age were included. Results. Of 3 111 articles initially identified, 18 were eligible: 14 observational studies, 12 studies conducted in Brazil, and 17 studies investigating preschool children (3 to 5 years of age). In addition to Brazil, only Chile and Ecuador were represented. PA and SB were measured by accelerometers in seven studies; however, high variability was observed in the instruments and cut-off points used. Although children were classified as physically active in 12 studies, six studies showed that they spent considerable time in SB. Most studies assessed the individual (14 studies) and interpersonal (11 studies) domains, followed by the environmental (eight studies) and political (one study) domains. Interventions in the school context (four studies) increased PA levels and reduced the time spent in SB. However, the evidence from cross-sectional and interventional studies presented a high risk of bias. Conclusions. Given the knowledge gap identified in this review, studies with robust designs, covering additional South American countries are warranted, focusing on infants and children under 3 years of age and investigating correlates in the environmental and political domains.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Resumir los hallazgos sobre la correlación entre actividad física (AF) y comportamiento sedentario (CS) en la población infantil en América del Sur. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda de los artículos publicados entre el 24 de junio y el 27 de octubre del 2020 en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science. Para ampliar la búsqueda, se examinaron las referencias de los artículos de revisión encontrados y se consultó con un panel de expertos. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales y de intervención centrados en población infantil de 0 a 5 años de edad en América del Sur. Resultados. De los 3 111 artículos encontrados inicialmente, 18 cumplieron con los criterios establecidos: 14 tenían un diseño observacional, 12 se llevaron a cabo en Brasil y 17 se realizaron con niños y niñas en edad preescolar (de 3 a 5 años). Además de Brasil, los únicos países representados fueron Chile y Ecuador. La AF y el CS se midieron con acelerómetros en 7 estudios, pero se observó una alta variabilidad en los instrumentos y los puntos de corte utilizados. Aunque se consideró que niños y niñas eran físicamente activos en 12 estudios, 6 estudios revelaron que pasaban mucho tiempo en CS. Los ámbitos de influencia más evaluados fueron el individual (14 estudios) y el interpersonal (11 estudios), seguidos del ambiental (8 estudios) y el político (1 estudio). Las intervenciones en el contexto escolar (4 estudios) aumentaron los niveles de AF y disminuyeron el tiempo en CS. Sin embargo, la evidencia de los estudios transversales y de intervención presentó un alto riesgo de sesgo. Conclusiones. En vista de las lagunas detectadas, se recomienda que se realicen estudios con diseño robusto que incluyan más países sudamericanos, se centren en bebés y menores de 3 años e investiguen correlaciones en los ámbitos político y ambiental.

Análise bibliométrica das produções científicas brasileiras na temática atividade física e envelhecimento / Bibliometric analysis of the Brazilian scientific productions about physical activity and aging

A análise de conteúdo e de redes de colaboração pode contribuir para as reflexões e estudos sobre o fluxo informacional. O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar uma análise bibliométrica das produções científicas brasileiras na temática atividade física e envelhecimento. O banco de dados foi construído utilizando-se a base de dados Web of Science (WoS), selecionando-se a Coleção SciELOBrazil. Os termos utilizados na busca foram relacionados com "atividade física" e "envelhecimento". Foram coletadas variáveis de autoria, número/ média de publicações, número/média de citações, quantidade de publicações realizadas por instituição e palavras-chave citadas nos estudos. Posteriormente, os dados foram analisados no software VOS viewer, onde mapas de rede foram criados. Foram encontrados 19 clusters de autores, sendo identificadosaqueles que mais publicam na área da atividade física e envelhecimento no Brasil. Com relação às instituições, verificou-se uma concentração de publicações em Universidades do Sul e Sudeste, com destaque para São Paulo. Com relação às palavras-chave, verificou-se que as mais utilizadas nos estudos foram: qualidade de vida, força muscular, fatores de risco, obesidade e hipertensão. Em conclusão, a temática apresentou expansão com o passar dos anos, identidade própria e consistência nas redes de produção e colaboração entre autores.(AU)

The analysis of content and collaboration networks can contribute to the reflections and studies on the information flow. The objective of the present study is to perform a bibliometric analysis of the Brazilian scientific productions about the physical activity and aging. The database was built using the Web of Science (WoS) database, selecting the SciELO Brazil Collection. The terms used in the search were related to "physical activity" and "aging". Authors' variables, number/average of publications, number/average of cita- tions, number of publications per institution and keywords cited in the studies were collected. Subsequently, the data were analyzed in the VOSviewer software where network maps were created. We found 19 clusters of authors, being identified the ones that publish the most in the area of physical activity and aging in Brazil. With regard to the institutions, there was a concentration of publications in Southern and Southeastern Universities, especially in São Paulo. Regarding the keywords, it was verified that the most used in the studies were: quality of life, muscular strength, risk factors, obesity, and hypertension. In conclusion, the theme presented expansion over the years, its own identity and consistency in the networks of production and collaboration between authors.(AU)

Physical activity and sedentary behavior as multimorbidity discriminators among elderly Brazilians: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Associations between behaviors and individual chronic diseases have been demonstrated. However, the relationship between time spent on sedentary behavior and multimorbidity remains less clear. OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictive power of various intensities of physical activity versus sedentary behavior, as discriminatory factors for cardiometabolic multimorbidity (cardiovascular diseases and diabetes) in the elderly. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in different residential census tracts and residential households in Florianópolis (SC). METHODS: The participants were 425 elderly people (65% women) from the EpiFloripa Aging study in 2014. Sociodemographic variables and self-reported incidence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes were obtained via a questionnaire. Light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were measured using accelerometers. The analyses were stratified according to sex and included a diagnosis for interpretation. Behaviors were taken into consideration if their predictive power in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was greater than 0.50. The time cutoff point was defined from sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: For older adult men with diabetes, the predictive value of MVPA for absence of multi-morbidity was an area of 0.75 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.538-0.962), and a cutoff of 17 minutes per day. Older adult women with diabetes had an area of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.524-0.866) and a cutoff of 10 minutes per day. LPA and SB did not present predictive values. CONCLUSION: The time spent on MVPA is a predictor of absence of multimorbidity in elderly people with diabetes, for both sexes.

Physical activity and sedentary behavior as multimorbidity discriminators among elderly Brazilians: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Associations between behaviors and individual chronic diseases have been demonstrated. However, the relationship between time spent on sedentary behavior and multimorbidity remains less clear. OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictive power of various intensities of physical activity versus sedentary behavior, as discriminatory factors for cardiometabolic multimorbidity (cardiovascular diseases and diabetes) in the elderly. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in different residential census tracts and residential households in Florianópolis (SC). METHODS: The participants were 425 elderly people (65% women) from the EpiFloripa Aging study in 2014. Sociodemographic variables and self-reported incidence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes were obtained via a questionnaire. Light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were measured using accelerometers. The analyses were stratified according to sex and included a diagnosis for interpretation. Behaviors were taken into consideration if their predictive power in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was greater than 0.50. The time cutoff point was defined from sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: For older adult men with diabetes, the predictive value of MVPA for absence of multi-morbidity was an area of 0.75 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.538-0.962), and a cutoff of 17 minutes per day. Older adult women with diabetes had an area of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.524-0.866) and a cutoff of 10 minutes per day. LPA and SB did not present predictive values. CONCLUSION: The time spent on MVPA is a predictor of absence of multimorbidity in elderly people with diabetes, for both sexes.

National guidelines for physical activity in early childhood in American countries: a scoping review / Guias nacionais de atividade física para crianças na primeira infância nos países americanos: revisão de escopo

Our aim was to identify and analyze national guides with recommendations for physical activity for early childhood in the countries of the American continent. A scoping review was carried out on the websites of the national education, sport, and/or health agencies of the 36 American countries, on the Google website, and through contact with professionals. The synthesis was developed from the exploration of the material, looking for approaches and recommendations in the domains "benefits", "dose", "types and examples", "practice guidelines" and "sedentary behavior". From 21 documents initially assessed, four composed the synthesis (Canada, Chile, United States and Uruguay). All included guides converged on recommendations about the importance of physical activity for weight control and healthy growth and development (e.g., benefits domain); the importance of children be-ing physically active at various times of the day, highlighting the provision of "joyful, safe, supervised, and age-appropriate physical activity" and "participation in structured-play activities" (e.g., types and examples domain); support for the provision of "fun, safe, supervised, and age-appropriate physical activity" (e.g., types and examples domain) and the support from parents or caregivers to stimulate activities that encourage responsibility and autonomy (e.g., practice orientation domain). Finally, considering that strategies to promote physical activity involve addressing individual and contextual factors, it is important that future national guides for physical activity involve recommendations in domains that are determinants of physical activity in this age group, such as support from primary caregivers and the built environment, in its access and possibilities

Objetivou-se identificar e analisar guias nacionais com recomendações de atividade física para a primeira infância nos países do continente americano. Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo nos sítios eletrônicos das agências nacionais de educação, esporte e/ou saúde dos 36 países americanos, no sítio eletrônico Google e por meio de contatos com profissionais. A síntese foi elaborada a partir da exploração do material, visando abordagens e recomendações nos domínios "benefícios", "dose", "tipos e exemplos", "orientações para a práti-ca" e "comportamento sedentário". De 21 documentos avaliados, quatro foram encaminhados para a síntese (Canadá, Chile, Estados Unidos e Uruguai). Todos os guias incluídos convergiram quanto às recomenda-ções sobre a importância da atividade física para controle do peso e para o crescimento e desenvolvimento saudáveis (e.g., domínio benefícios); sobre a importância das crianças serem fisicamente ativas em vários momentos do dia, destacando a oferta de "atividades físicas alegres, seguras, supervisionadas e adequadas à idade" e a "participação em jogos, brincadeiras e atividades estruturadas" (e.g., domínio tipos e exemplos); e sobre o apoio dos pais e responsáveis ou dos cuidadores ao estímulo de atividades que incentivem a respon-sabilidade e a autonomia (e.g., domínio orientação para a prática). Por fim, considerando que estratégias de promoção de atividade física envolvem a abordagem de fatores individuais e contextuais, é importante que futuros guias nacionais de atividade física envolvam recomendações em domínios que são determinantes da atividade física nesta faixa etária, como o suporte dos cuidadores primários e o ambiente construído, em seu acesso e possibilidades

Atividade física para crianças até 5 anos: Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira / Physical activity for children up to 5 years old: Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population

Este artigo descreve o processo de construção das recomendações de atividade física para crianças de até cinco anos incluídas no Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira. O desenvolvimento destas recomendações tomou por base as diretrizes propostas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde em 2019. Complementarmente, buscou-se suporte teórico nas seguintes estratégias: 1-revisão de escopo, conduzida de modo a atualizar o corpo de evidências acerca dos correlatos de determinantes da atividade física em crianças de até cinco anos; 2-síntese de guias nacionais de atividade física; 3-escuta com pais e professores, a fim de identificar o grau de dificuldade destes em entenderem as recomendações contidas na proposta apresentada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, além de barreiras e estratégias para maior envolvimento das crianças em atividades físicas; e, 4-consulta pú-blica. Todas as ações foram desenvolvidas no período de maio a dezembro de 2020, por um grupo de trabalho constituído por pesquisadores com experiência na temática e representantes do Ministério da Saúde. Como resultado, foram incluídas no Guia um total de 35 recomendações, sendo 10 rela-cionadas aos benefícios, quatro à dose, sete aos tipos de atividades, sete às orientações para prática e outras sete relacionadas à redução de comportamento sedentário. Quando pertinente e possível, estas recomendações foram diferenciadas para crianças do nascimento até um ano de vida, de um e dois anos e de três a cinco anos. A mensagem principal é de que qualquer atividade física é melhor do que nenhuma e de que o comportamento sedentário deve ser reduzido

This paper describes the process of establishing physical activity recommendations for children up to five years old included in the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. The development of these rec-ommendations was based on the guidelines proposed by the World Health Organization in 2019. Theoretical support was gathered by using the following strategies: 1-Scoping review conducted to update the body of knowledge about the correlates and determinants of physical activity in children 0-5 years old; 2-synthesis of the existing national physical activity guidelines; 3-Online interviews with parents and teachers aiming to identify their degree of difficulty in understanding the recommendations contained in the World Health Organization Physical Activity guidelines and to identify barriers and strategies for improving the involve-ment of children in physical activities; and, 4-Public consultation. All actions were developed in the period from May to December 2020, by a working group composed of researchers with expertise in this field and representatives of the Ministry of Health. As a result, a total of 35 recommendations were included in the Brazilian guidelines, 10 of which were related to benefits, four to the dose, seven to the types of activities, seven to the strategies for improving practice, and seven others related to the reduction of sedentary behavior. When relevant and possible, these recommendations were differentiated for children from birth to one year of age, 1-2 years, and 3-5 years. The main message is that any physical activity is better than none and that sedentary behavior should be reduced

Atividade física para idosos: Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira / Physical activity for older adults: Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population

Por iniciativa do Ministério da Saúde, em colaboração com pesquisadores nacionais, elaborou-se o primeiro Guia de Atividade Física (AF) para a População Brasileira, incluindo recomendações para as várias fases da vida e populações especiais. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o processo me-todológico e os resultados do capítulo de recomendações de AF para idosos. O Grupo de Trabalho Idosos (GT Idosos) contou com a participação de 11 pesquisadores/profissionais que realizaram reuniões virtuais semanais, revisão sistemática de revisões, que incluiu 50 artigos ao final, e escutas com profissionais de Educação Física (n = 143), gestores (n = 17) e com idosos (n = 22), de todas as regiões do país, por meio de entrevistas telefônicas e formulários eletrônicos. Baseado nos resultados da revisão e das escutas, elaborou-se uma primeira versão das recomendações de AF para idosos, que foi submetida à consulta pública. No total foram recebidas 46 sugestões válidas, das quais 34 foram aceitas e incorporadas ao texto final por possuírem relevância técnica e/ou social. Como resultados, o Guia destaca os principais benefícios da AF para idosos, como melhora dos aspectos físicos, mentais e sociais, e recomenda um mínimo de 150 minutos por semana de AF de intensidade moderada, ou 75 minutos de intensidade vigorosa, considerando as AF no tempo livre, no deslocamento, no trabalho/estudo ou nas tarefas domésticas. Acredita-se que o Guia auxiliará os idosos e profissionais de saúde a conhecerem os benefícios da AF, a quantidade recomendada e as diversas possibilidades de prática, por meio de mensagens e exemplos culturalmente apropriados

At the Ministry of Health initiative, in collaboration with national researchers, the first Physical Activity (PA) Guidelines for the Brazilian Population was prepared, including recommendations for the various stages of life and special populations. This study aims to present the methodological process of the chapter on PA recommendations for the elderly. The Elderly Work Group had 11 researchers/professionals who held weekly virtual meetings, made a systematic review of reviews, which included 50 articles, and promoted a listening among elderly (n = 22), managers (n = 17) and professionals (n = 143) from all country regions, through telephone interviews and online forms. Based on the review and the listening results, a first version of the PA Guidelines for the elderly was elaborated, which was submitted to public consultation. Forty-six valid suggestions were received for the Guide's writing, of which 34 were accepted and incorporated into the final text since they had technical and/or social relevance. As results, the Guidelines highlight the major benefits of PA for the elderly, such as enhancement of the physical, mental and social aspects, and recommends a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate PA or 75 minutes of vigorous PA per week, considering PA in leisure time, commuting and domestic activities, as well as in work/study time. It is believed that these Guidelines will help the elderly and health professionals to get to know the benefits of PA, the recommended amount, and the different possibilities of practice through culturally appropriate messages and examples. Politically, it will reinforce the central role of PA in the prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases, boosting actions for its dissemination and implantation

Atividade física para gestantes e mulheres no pós-parto: Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira / Physical activity for pregnant and postpartum women: Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as recomendações de atividade física para gestantes e mu-lheres no pós-parto desenvolvidas para o Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira. Para isso, utilizou-se uma abordagem de métodos mistos que incluiu quatro etapas: 1) levantamento das diretrizes internacionais mais recentes; 2) revisão narrativa de literatura sobre efeitos da prática de atividade física durante a gestação para a saúde da mulher e do bebê; 3) escuta com gestantes, mu-lheres no pós-parto, profissionais e pesquisadores; 4) consulta pública. As evidências sumarizadas suportam que a prática de atividade física durante a gestação e no período pós-parto é segura, traz be-nefícios à saúde da mãe e do bebê, e reduz os riscos de algumas complicações relacionadas à gestação. Gestantes devem ser incentivadas a realizar pelo menos 150 minutos por semana de atividade física de intensidade moderada. Gestantes com contraindicações devem procurar auxílio de profissionais qualificados. Em alguns casos, a prática de atividade física durante a gestação não é recomendada. Este documento servirá como ferramenta para nortear profissionais de saúde que atuam com ges-tantes e mulheres no pós-parto e irá orientar a população-alvo quanto a prática de atividade física

This manuscript aims to present the recommendations of physical activity for pregnant and postpartum women developed for the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. A mixed-method ap-proach that included four steps was used: 1) review of the most recent international guidelines for physical activity during pregnancy; 2) narrative literature review on the effects of physical activity during pregnancy on the health of the woman and the baby; 3) consultation with pregnant women, postpartum women, pro-fessionals and researchers; 4) public consultation. The summarized evidence supports that physical activity during pregnancy and in the postpartum is safe, has benefits to the health of the mother and baby, and reduces the risks of some complications related to pregnancy. Pregnancy should be encouraged to do at least 150 min-utes a week of moderate intensity physical activity. Pregnancy women with contraindications should seek help from qualified professionals. In some cases, physical activity during pregnancy is not recommended. This document will be used as a tool to guide health professionals who work with pregnant women and women in the postpartum period. Also, it will inform and guide women during pregnancy and postpartum about the benefits of physical activity

Educação física escolar: Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira / Physical Education: Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population

As aulas de educação física (EF) escolar representam um momento propício para conhecer e viven-ciar a pluralidade do movimento humano, favorecendo a promoção de uma vida ativa e saudável. A importância da EF escolar foi reconhecida pelo Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira (Guia), que dedicou um capítulo para orientar a comunidade escolar sobre os benefícios à saúde e as estratégias de sucesso adotadas nas aulas de EF escolar. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o processo de elaboração das recomendações brasileiras de EF escolar para a população brasileira, mais especificamente os estudantes, professores, pais e responsáveis, e gestores. Esse capítulo do Guia foi desenvolvido por dez pesquisadores brasileiros, incluindo um representante do Ministério da Saúde. Três sínteses de evidências, escutas ao público-alvo e consulta pública foram realizadas para a construção das recomendações. Dados de 49 revisões sistemáticas sobre os benefícios da EF escolar à saúde e de 22 intervenções nas aulas de EF escolar com estudantes brasileiros foram sumarizados. Ainda, foram sintetizados 63 documentos nacionais e internacionais com estratégias recomendadas para a EF escolar, com foco nas dimensões: política e ambiente; currículo; instrução apropriada; avaliação; e estratégias que interagem com a EF escolar. Os grupos focais e a consulta pública fun-damentaram a elaboração e o aprimoramento da versão final das recomendações. Espera-se que estas recomendações alicercem a criação de políticas públicas, melhorem a conscientização sobre a importância da prática de atividade física na EF escolar e enfatizem a necessidade de realizar estudos futuros nesta área de conhecimento

Physical Education (PE) classes represent an appropriate time to know and experience the plurality of the human movement, favoring the promotion of a healthy and active life. The importance of PE was recognized by the Physical Activity Guide for the Brazilian Population, which dedicated a chapter to guide the school community on the health benefits and successful strategies adopted in PE classes. This study aimed to show the process of elaborating Brazilian recommendations for PE for the Brazilian population, more specifically students, teachers, parents and guardians, and managers. This chapter of the Guide was developed by ten Brazilian researchers, including a spokeswoman of the Ministry of Health. Three syntheses of evidence, focus groups/interviews and public consultation were carried out to construct the recommendations. Data from 49 systematic reviews on the health benefits of PE and 22 interventions in PE classes with Brazilian students were summarized. Also, 63 documents were synthesized with strategies recommended for PE classes, focusing on the dimensions: politics and environment; curriculum; appropriate instruction; evaluation; and strategies that interact with PE. The focus groups and the public consultation were the basis for the elaboration and improvement of the final version of the recommendations. It is expected that these recommendations can assist the creation of public policies, the improvement of practice PE and the need to conduct future studies in this area of knowledge

Planejamento em saúde sobre práticas corporais e atividade física no Programa Academia da Saúde / Health planning on body practices and physical activity in the health academy program

O objetivo foi analisar o planejamento das práticas corporais e atividades físicas (PC/AF) dos profissionais de educação física concluintes do Curso de Aperfeiçoamento em Implementação da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde: Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS). Das ações analisadas (n = 149), 60,5% (n = 286) eram de PC/AF. A ginástica foi mais frequente (20,1%; n = 95) e 21,4% (n = 101) das práticas tinham a alimentação associada. Mais de 60% das ações não informaram instrumentos (n = 330), cronograma (n = 345), recursos financeiros (n = 366) e alcance dos usuários (n = 394). A atuação multiprofissional foi prevista em 61,7% (n = 292) das ações. Sendo assim, o planejamento em saúde carece de informações metodológicas, avaliação e público-alvo para implementação de ações

The aim was to analyze the planning of body practices and physical activities (BP/PA) of physical education professionals concluding the Improvement Course in Implementation of the National Health Promotion Policy: Academia da Saúde Program (PAS). Of the analyzed actions (n = 149), 60.5% (n = 286) were of BP/PA. Gymnastics was more frequent (20.1%; n = 95) and 21.4% (n = 101) of the practices had associated food. More than 60% of the actions did not inform instruments (n = 330), schedule (n = 345), financial resources (n = 366) and reach of users (n = 394). Multiprofessional action was expected in 61.7% (n = 292) of the actions. Thus, health planning lacks methodological information, assessment, and target audience for implementing actions

Práticas exitosas em atividade física na Atenção Primária à Saúde: elaboração do conceito / Best practices for physical activity in Primary Health Care settings: a concept elaboration study

Elaborar o conceito de práticas exitosas em atividade física (AF) na atenção primária à saúde (APS). Para análise conceitual empregou-se as etapas: (1) seleção do conceito; (2) determinação dos objetivos; (3) identificação dos possíveis usos do conceito e (4) determinação dos atributos. Foram utilizados análise documental, questionário online, oficina e painel de especialistas. Os participantes foram gestores, coordenadores, profissionais de saúde, usuários e pesquisadores da APS das cinco regiões do Brasil. Para análise foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo, por meio do software NVivo. O conceito de prática exitosa em AF na APS foi definido como uma ação que promove aumento da AF dos participantes por meio de um processo planejado, replicável e sustentável que garante e promove a participação e autonomia. Os atributos foram: planejamento, sustentabilidade, replicação, participação e autonomia. O conceito com seus atributos é essencial para orientar o planejamento, implementação e avaliação de uma prática exitosa em AF na APS.

To develop a concept for best practices in physical activity (PA) in primary health care (PHC) settings. The following steps were taken as part of the conceptual development: (1) concept selection, (2) objective determination, (3) identification of possible uses of the concept, and (4) attribute determination. For data collection, we used document analysis, online questionnaires, a workshop, and an expert panel. Participants included administrators, coordinators, health professionals, community members, and PHC researchers of the five Brazilian regions. To evaluate the qualitative data gathered, content analysis using NVivo software was performed. The concept for best practices in PA in PHC settings was defined as an action that promotes an increase in PA among participants through a planned, replicable, and sustainable process that guarantees and promotes participation and autonomy. This concept includes the following attributes, planning, sustainability, replication, participation, and autonomy. The concept and its attributes are essential to guide the planning, implementation, and evaluation of best practices in PA in the Brazilian PHC.

Barriers to self-care among men: discourses of men participating in a health education group. / Dificultades del autocuidado masculino: discursos de hombres participantes en un grupo de educación para la salud.

The objective of this study was to analyze men's discourses regarding difficulties related to their participation in health services and their self-care practices in the health-disease process. In order to do so, a health education initiative was implemented with men living in the area covered by a Basic Health Unit (UBS) in a municipality in Northeastern Brazil. The initiative was designed by professionals at the UBS, and its third stage consisted of five group meetings that addressed issues related to men's health. For the analysis of discourses, a content analysis strategy was used. The experience allowed us to reflect on the importance of developing strategic actions oriented towards promoting men's engagement with health services and the self-care of users, particularly in primary care settings. This is considered within the framework of the National Policy for Comprehensive Men's Healthcare (PNAISH). Re-signifying actions oriented towards men's health and changing the perspectives of professionals attending to this population can create a sense of belonging in men with respect to spaces of health promotion, protection, and recovery.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las dificultades de la participación masculina en los servicios de salud y sus prácticas de autocuidado en el proceso salud-enfermedad. Para ello, se realizó una intervención, a la luz de la educación en salud, con hombres que vivían en el área de cobertura de una unidad de atención primaria, en un municipio del nordeste de Brasil. La intervención fue diseñada por profesionales de la unidad y la tercera etapa consistió en cinco encuentros grupales que abordaron temas relacionados con la salud masculina. Para el análisis de los discursos se utilizó la estrategia de análisis de contenido. La experiencia permitió reflexionar sobre la importancia del desarrollo de acciones estratégicas con el propósito de promover el acercamiento del público masculino al servicio de salud y el autocuidado de los usuarios, especialmente en el escenario de atención primaria, en el marco de la Política Nacional de Atención Integral de Salud para el Hombre (PNAISH). Resignificar las acciones que involucran a la salud del hombre y el cambio de actitud profesional para atender esta población puede desencadenar en el público masculino la sensación de pertenencia al espacio de promoción, protección y recuperación de la salud.

Monitoramento do programa academia da saúde de 2015 a 2017 / Monitorización del programa Academia de Salud de 2015 a 2017 / Monitoring the Health Academy program from 2015 to 2017

O objetivo foi analisar a implementação do Programa Academia da Saúde ao longo de três anos (2015 a 2017). Os dados são do monitoramento anual da implantação do programa no Brasil, por questionários respondidos pela gestão estadual, municipal e dos polos. Foram analisados os polos por região, profissionais atuantes, ações desenvolvidas e público-alvo. Análise descritiva e análise inferencial foram realizadas para diferenças das proporções. Observou-se um aumento na taxa de resposta ao monitoramento, especialmente na região nordeste; mais de 88% dos polos mantiveram em maior proporção profissionais de educação física; houve aumento significativo da oferta de práticas corporais e atividade física (2015 vs 2016) e, redução nas ações em alimentação (2015 vs 2016), práticas integrativas complementares (2015 vs 2016) e no atendimento à idosos (2015 vs 2017). Há uma disparidade na implementação do programa nas regiões ao longo dos anos e o monitoramento poderá contribuir para estratégias em promoção de saúde

Analizar la implementación del Programa Academia de la Salud a lo largo de tres años (2015 a 2017). Los datos pertenecen al seguimiento anual de la implantación del Programa Academia de Salud en Brasil, por medio de cuestionarios respondidos por administraciones del estado, município y de los polos. Las variables investigadas fueron número de polos por región, profesionales actuantes, acciones desarrolladas y público objetivo atendido. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de frecuencia absoluta y relativa como también, una análisis inferencial para las diferencias de las proporciones entre los años. Hubo un aumento en el número de polos, destacando la región nordeste; más del 88% de los pueblos mantuvieron en mayor proporción profesionales de educación física; hubo un aumento significativo de la oferta de prácticas corporales y actividad física (2015 vs 2016) y reducción en las acciones en alimentación (2015 vs 2016), prácticas integradoras complementarias (2015 vs 2016) y en la atención a los ancianos (2015 vs 2017). Se observó una disparidad en las regiones que adoptaron el programa a lo largo de los años, y el monitoreo puede contribuir a las estrategias de promoción de la salud

To analyze the implementation of the Health Academy Program over three years (2015 to 2017). The data is taken from the annual monitoring of the application of poles of the Health Academy Program in Brazil through questionnaires answered by the state, cities and poles management. The variables investigated were number of poles per region, active professionals, developed actions and target audience attendance. We performed a descriptive analysis of absolute and relative frequency and inferential analysis to the differences in proportions among the years. Monitoring response rate increased, especially in the northeast region; more than 88% of the poles maintained a higher proportion of physical education professionals; significant increase in actions of corporal practices and physical activity (2015 vs 2016) and reduction in actions on food (2015 vs 2016), complementary integrative practices (2015 vs 2016) and care for the elderly (2015 vs 2017).There has been a disparity in the regions that adopted the program over the years and the monitoring may contribute to health promotion strategy

Profile of the graduates of the phd course of the postgraduate program in physical education: a case study at Federal University of Santa Catarina (2006 to 2018) / Perfil dos egressos do doutorado em educação física: um estudo de caso na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (2006 a 2018)

Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze the graduate's profile of the PhD course in Postgraduate Program in Physical Education (PPPE), Federal University of Santa Catarina. Information from the 92 PhD graduates from 2006 to 2018 was collected from secondary sources of public domain sites. Three independent evaluators filtered the information through double typing. The data revealed that more than 50% of the graduates were male, 58.7% had a scholarship, and 27.8% had a sandwich doctorate in foreign institutions. Only 17.4% of graduates completed postdoctoral training. The highest proportion has employment as effective teachers (73.3%), mainly in public higher education institutions. The concentration themes in the area of ​​Physical Activity and Health (PAH) predominate in the titles of the conclusion work. During the formative trajectory, 48.9% of the graduates changed, at least, once in the concentration area​​, 44.6% remained in the same area and 6.5% investigated the three distinct concentration areas during undergraduate, masters and doctoral studies. The majority develop PAH (50.0%), followed by Pedagogical (25.5%) and Biodynamics and Human Performance (17.8%). Thus, the doctors training in PPPE seems to design a profile according to the idealized by the course, with professional possibilities of insertion in higher education and engagement in scientific investigations.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o perfil dos egressos do curso de doutorado do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física (PPGEF), da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. As informações dos 92 egressos do doutorado no período de 2006 a 2018 foram levantadas em fontes secundárias de sites de domínio público. Três avaliadores independentes filtraram as informações por meio de dupla digitação. Os resultados revelaram que mais de 50,0% dos egressos eram do sexo masculino, 58,7% tiveram bolsa de estudos e 27,8% realizaram estágio de doutorado sanduíche em instituições estrangeiras. Apenas 17,4% dos egressos concluíram estágio de pós-doutorado. A maioria tem vínculo empregatício como professor efetivo (73,3%), principalmente em instituições públicas do magistério superior. As temáticas da área de concentração em Atividade Física e Saúde (AFS) predominam nos títulos dos trabalhos de conclusão. Ao longo da trajetória formativa, 48,9% (n=45) dos egressos mudaram pelo menos uma vez de área de concentração, 44,6% (n=41) mantiveram-se na mesma área de concentração e 6,5% (n=6) investigaram as três distintas áreas de concentração durante a graduação, mestrado e doutorado. A maioria dos egressos desenvolve pesquisas na área de AFS (50,0%), seguido da Pedagógica (25,5%) e Biodinâmica do Desempenho Humano (17,8%). Assim, a formação de doutores no PPGEF parece desenhar um perfil de acordo com o idealizado pelo curso, com chances profissionais de inserção no ensino superior e com engajamento em investigações científicas.

Dificultades del autocuidado masculino: discursos de hombres participantes en un grupo de educación para la salud / Barriers to self-care among men: discourses of men participating in a health education group

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las dificultades de la participación masculina en los servicios de salud y sus prácticas de autocuidado en el proceso salud-enfermedad. Para ello, se realizó una intervención, a la luz de la educación en salud, con hombres que vivían en el área de cobertura de una unidad de atención primaria, en un municipio del nordeste de Brasil. La intervención fue diseñada por profesionales de la unidad y la tercera etapa consistió en cinco encuentros grupales que abordaron temas relacionados con la salud masculina. Para el análisis de los discursos se utilizó la estrategia de análisis de contenido. La experiencia permitió reflexionar sobre la importancia del desarrollo de acciones estratégicas con el propósito de promover el acercamiento del público masculino al servicio de salud y el autocuidado de los usuarios, especialmente en el escenario de atención primaria, en el marco de la Política Nacional de Atención Integral de Salud para el Hombre (PNAISH). Resignificar las acciones que involucran a la salud del hombre y el cambio de actitud profesional para atender esta población puede desencadenar en el público masculino la sensación de pertenencia al espacio de promoción, protección y recuperación de la salud.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze men's discourses regarding difficulties related to their participation in health services and their self-care practices in the health-disease process. In order to do so, a health education initiative was implemented with men living in the area covered by a Basic Health Unit (UBS) in a municipality in Northeastern Brazil. The initiative was designed by professionals at the UBS, and its third stage consisted of five group meetings that addressed issues related to men's health. For the analysis of discourses, a content analysis strategy was used. The experience allowed us to reflect on the importance of developing strategic actions oriented towards promoting men's engagement with health services and the self-care of users, particularly in primary care settings. This is considered within the framework of the National Policy for Comprehensive Men's Healthcare (PNAISH). Re-signifying actions oriented towards men's health and changing the perspectives of professionals attending to this population can create a sense of belonging in men with respect to spaces of health promotion, protection, and recovery.